南方鲶、大鳍鳠鳔发育的组织学研究

有关硬骨鱼类鳔的研究多集中于形态学和组织学方面[孟庆闻、李婉端,1984;孟庆闻等,1987;郑文彪等,1988;秉志,1983;Harder,1975;Whitehead和Blaxter,1989],而鳔发育的组织学研究较少,仅见王瑞霞[1982]和Berra与David[1989]描述了青鱼及Lepidogalaxias samlamandroides的鳔原基来源。作者选择鲶形目两个不同科的代表种,鲂科的南方鲶Silurus meridionalis(Chen),鲿科的大鳍鳠Mystus maeropterus(Bleeker)为研究对象,详细研究了两种鱼鳔的原基来源、衍化,并比较了二者在结构上的差异。现将结果报导于下。     

白甲鱼、大鳍鳠和斑鳜肾的比较组织学研究

白甲鱼、大鳍鳠和斑鳜肾的比较组织学研究钟明超（中山大学，广州５１０２７５）关键词肾，组织学，白甲鱼，大鳍　，斑鳜ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＡＮＤＨＩＳＴＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＫＩＤＮＥＹＳＯＦＶＡＲＩＣＯＲＨＩＮＵＳＳＩＮＵＳ，ＭＹＳＴ...     

Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mystus vittatus</Emphasis> after chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin

Indiscriminate use of pesticides has elevated the risk of contamination of environment and aquatic habitat. Considering the above fact, the present study has been under taken to investigate the alteration of some blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of Metasystox (4 ppm.) and Sevin (7 ppm.) individually. The main alterations observed in certain haematological parameters were clotting time (CT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin percentage (Hb%), red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs), pack cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Alterations in organic constituents of blood, such as glucose, blood urea, total plasma protein and cholesterol, and in inorganic constituents, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus, were also studied. Alteration of enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-pase), fructose-1-6-diphosphatase (F-1-6-dipase), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also studied, so that the changes in the blood biochemistry due to the pesticidal stress could be understood. Results indicated that CT, WBCs, MCH, MCHC, glucose, blood urea, cholesterol, magnesium and SGOT were increased, whereas other parameters were found to be decreased in both cases. Possible reasons for the above elevation are discussed in the light of available literature.     

斑鱯的生物学特性及养殖技术

介绍了斑鱯的分布、形态特征、生长、繁殖、食性等生物学特性，分析了斑鱯的营养价值，提出了斑鱯人工繁殖、苗种培育、成鱼养殖和病害防治技术。     

Embryonic and larval developments of brackish water catfish,Mystus gulio (Hamilton and Buchanan, 1822) induced with human chorionic gonadotropin and consequent larval rearing

Mystus gulio, the long whiskers catfish, is a popular food fish and potential candidate species for aquaculture in Sundarban area of India and Bangladesh. Recently, catch of this species has declined due to overfishing and various ecological changes. In the present study, mature fish was induced to spawn in captivity through intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin at the doses of 10 IU/g to female and 5 IU/g to male. Photomicrographs of all developmental stages of live embryo and larvae were documented with the aid of a light microscope. Results demonstrated that morula, blastula, gastrula and neurula and organogenesis ended at 1:30‐, 3:00‐, 5:30‐, 7:30‐ and 17:15‐hour post‐spawning (hps) respectively. Heartbeat and muscular contraction of embryo commenced at 8:30 and 11.15 hps respectively. Hatching of embryo started after an incubation period of 17:30 hour at an ambient temperature of 29 ± 1°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.17 ± 0.29 mm in total length with a yolk volume of 0.165 ± 0.03 mm³ started feeding 36 hr after hatching. The present study, on induced breeding and chronological development of M. gulio embryo, will have significant implications on conservation and seed production for aquaculture.     

基于线粒体DNA D-loop的都柳江鲇形目两种经济鱼类种群遗传多样性研究

以采自贵州都柳江的鲇鱼、斑鳠各39尾个体为样品,采用PCR和DNA测序技术,研究了这两种鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop的结构和种群遗传多样性。获得了鲇鱼、斑鳠D-loop 5′端长度分别为544~545bp、546~547bp的DNA序列,并分别检测到58、15个变异位点。同时,识别了该2种鱼类D-loop终止序列区和中央保守区的核心序列,在中央保守区之后均有一个Poly-T结构。都柳江鲇鱼、斑鳠种群D-loop序列中,分别有51、12个多态位点,并分别定义了11、8种单倍型。都柳江鲇鱼、斑鳠种群单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性指数和平均核苷酸差异数分别为0.772、0.02301、12.451和0.331、0.00131、0.714。目前,都柳江鲇鱼种群遗传多样性较为丰富,具有良好的种质价值和保护前景;斑鳠种群遗传多样性贫乏,保护和恢复该种群的数量和遗传多样性刻不容缓。     

斑鳠的生物学特性及养殖技术

介绍了斑鱼萑又的分布、形态特征、生长、繁殖、食性等生物学特性,分析了斑鱼萑又的营养价值,提出了斑鱼萑又人工繁殖、苗种培育、成鱼养殖和病害防治技术。     

大鳍鳠染色体核型的研究

为了认识大鳍鳠的染色体组特征,为大鳍鳗的遗传多样性积累数据,同时为其驯化繁殖提供技术资料,采用PHA、秋水仙素腹腔注射,肾细胞直接制片法分析了大鳍鳗染色体的核型.结果表明:大鳍鳗二倍体染色体数目2n=56,核型公式为2n=16m+14 sm+12 st+14t,其染色体总臂数NF=86.     

珠江斑鳠年龄和生长的研究↑（*）

观察珠江斑鳠的胸鳍和鳃盖骨,研究其年龄特征、渔获物年龄组成和体长、体重组成,并对其体长与鳃盖骨长、体长与体重的关系,以及生长规律进行了分析。其年轮形成时间为１２ 月～翌年３ 月;体长与鳃盖骨长的关系式为Ｌ＝ ３４ ．７６ Ｒ＋ ０ ．４５３ ３ ,体长与体重的关系式为 Ｗ＝ ０ ．０３２ Ｌ３ ．１８７ ２ 。生长Ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程分别为Ｌｔ ＝ １５６ ．７５〔１ － ｅ－ ０ ．０８９（ｔ－ ０ ．０１６ ８）〕和Ｗｔ ＝ ３１ １９３ ．１７〔１ － ｅ－ ０ ．０８９（ ｔ－ ０ ．０１６ ８）〕３ ．１８７ ２ 。还讨论了年轮形成原因和生长特性,并对合理利用自然资源和生产养殖提出建议。     

大鳍鱯的消化能力与营养价值

采用常规方法测定了大鳍鳠(Mystusmacropterus)的消化道指数,其比肠长、比胃重、比肠重、比肝胰脏重和比内脏重分别为0.531±0.006、0.014±0.006、0.017±0.003、0.0084±0.0029和0.070±0.011。体重与体长的回归方程Y=0.1238X2.8388(r=0.9949,P<0.01);大鳍鳠的胃、前肠、中肠和后肠中消化液的pH值分别为:3.0～3.8、6.6～7.4、7.2～8.2、7.2～7.9,且消化道各部分具有较高的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,蛋白酶的活性为中肠>前肠>肝胰脏>后肠>胃;而淀粉酶的活性则为前肠>后肠>中肠>肝胰脏>胃;全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白的含量分别为62.09±3.8%和68.28±4.6,粗脂肪含量分别为15.33±1.7和21.87±2.9;肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量占氨基酸总量的40.76%,鲜味氨基酸的含量为总氨基酸量的29.70%。综合肌肉的常规营养成分和氨基酸分析的结果,表明大鳍鳠是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类。